Copyright issues on YouTube generally fall into two categories, each with different implications.
Copyright Claims
A Content ID claim typically doesn't harm your channel directly but may result in revenue sharing or restricted monetization on that specific video.
Copyright Strikes
A formal copyright strike is more serious and can affect your channel's standing, with repeated strikes potentially leading to termination.
Using Original or Licensed Content
Using your own original content, or properly licensed music and clips, remains the safest way to avoid both issues entirely.